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NCERT Complete List of Diseases
Causative Agents & Modes of Transmission – As per NCERT Syllabus (CBSE Class 11 & 12, NEET 2026)
| # | Disease | Causative Agent / Type | Mode of Transmission or Cause |
|---|---|---|---|
| Plant Diseases | |||
| 1 | Tobacco Mosaic Disease | Virus (Tobacco Mosaic Virus – TMV) | Mechanical contact, contaminated tools |
| 2 | Potato Spindle Tuber Disease | Viroid | Infected tubers, mechanical transmission |
| 3 | Citrus Canker | Bacterium (Xanthomonas citri) | Wind-driven rain, pruning tools |
| 4 | Wheat Rust | Fungus (Puccinia spp.) | Airborne spores |
| 5 | White Rust of Mustard | Fungus (Albugo candida) | Airborne spores, high humidity |
| 6 | Root-knot Disease in Tobacco | Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) | Soil-borne; infects roots |
| Bacterial Diseases (Human) | |||
| 7 | Cholera | Vibrio cholerae | Contaminated water/food (fecal-oral) |
| 8 | Typhoid | Salmonella typhi | Contaminated food/water |
| 9 | Tetanus | Clostridium tetani | Wound contamination (soil/dust) |
| 10 | Pneumonia | Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae | Airborne droplets |
| 11 | Diphtheria (Gal Ghotu) | Corynebacterium diphtheriae | Airborne droplets |
| 12 | Whooping Cough (Kali Khansi) | Bordetella pertussis | Airborne droplets |
| 13 | Plague | Yersinia pestis | Flea bite (rat flea), respiratory droplets |
| 14 | Leprosy (Kusht Rog) | Mycobacterium leprae | Prolonged close contact |
| 15 | Gonorrhoea | Neisseria gonorrhoeae | Sexual contact |
| 16 | Syphilis | Treponema pallidum | Sexual contact; also congenital |
| 17 | Chlamydiasis | Chlamydia trachomatis | Sexual contact |
| 18 | Gastric Ulcer | Helicobacter pylori + gastric acid | Bacterial infection, NSAIDs, stress |
| 19 | Dysentery (Bacillary) | Shigella spp. | Contaminated food/water |
| Viral Diseases (Human) | |||
| 20 | Common Cold | Rhinoviruses | Airborne droplets, contact |
| 21 | Influenza | Influenza virus | Airborne droplets |
| 22 | Mumps | Paramyxovirus | Airborne droplets |
| 23 | Smallpox | Variola virus | Airborne/contact (eradicated) |
| 24 | Polio | Poliovirus | Fecal-oral route, contaminated water |
| 25 | Hepatitis-B | Hepatitis B virus (HBV) | Blood, sexual contact, perinatal |
| 26 | AIDS | Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) | Sexual contact, blood, mother-to-child |
| 27 | Dengue | Dengue virus (Flavivirus) | Aedes aegypti mosquito bite |
| 28 | Chikungunya | Chikungunya virus (Alphavirus) | Aedes aegypti/albopictus mosquito bite |
| 29 | Genital Herpes | Herpes Simplex Virus type 2 (HSV-2) | Sexual contact (skin-to-skin) |
| 30 | Respiratory Infections (Adenovirus) | Adenovirus | Airborne droplets |
| 31 | Genital Warts | Human Papillomavirus (HPV) | Sexual contact |
| Protozoan Diseases | |||
| 32 | Malaria | Plasmodium vivax, P. falciparum, etc. | Female Anopheles mosquito bite |
| 33 | Amoebiasis (Amoebic Dysentery) | Entamoeba histolytica | Contaminated food/water |
| 34 | Sleeping Sickness | Trypanosoma brucei | Tsetse fly bite |
| 35 | Trichomoniasis | Trichomonas vaginalis | Sexual contact |
| Helminthic (Worm) Diseases | |||
| 36 | Ascariasis | Ascaris lumbricoides (roundworm) | Ingestion of eggs from soil |
| 37 | Filariasis (Elephantiasis) | Wuchereria bancrofti, W. malayi | Mosquito bite (Culex, Anopheles) |
| Fungal Diseases | |||
| 38 | Ringworm | Microsporum, Trichophyton, Epidermophyton | Direct contact, fomites |
| Prion Diseases | |||
| 39 | Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) | Prion | Ingestion of contaminated neural tissue |
| 40 | Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) | Prion | Sporadic, inherited, or iatrogenic |
| Genetic & Chromosomal Disorders | |||
| 41 | Haemophilia | X-linked recessive mutation (Factor VIII/IX) | Inherited |
| 42 | Sickle-cell Anaemia | Autosomal recessive (HbS mutation) | Inherited |
| 43 | Phenylketonuria (PKU) | Autosomal recessive (PAH enzyme deficiency) | Inherited |
| 44 | Cystic Fibrosis | Autosomal recessive (CFTR gene defect) | Inherited |
| 45 | Colour Blindness | X-linked recessive (opsin gene defect) | Inherited |
| 46 | Thalassemia | Autosomal recessive (globin chain defect) | Inherited |
| 47 | Down’s Syndrome | Trisomy 21 | Non-disjunction during meiosis |
| 48 | Turner’s Syndrome | Monosomy X (45,XO) | Non-disjunction |
| 49 | Klinefelter’s Syndrome | 47,XXY | Non-disjunction |
| 50 | Myotonic Dystrophy | Autosomal dominant (DMPK gene repeat) | Inherited |
| 51 | Muscular Dystrophy | Dystrophin gene mutation (X-linked) | Inherited |
| 52 | ADA Deficiency (SCID) | Autosomal recessive (adenosine deaminase defect) | Inherited |
| Physiological / Metabolic / Degenerative Disorders | |||
| 53 | Emphysema | Alveolar wall destruction | Smoking, air pollution |
| 54 | Occupational Respiratory Disorders | Lung scarring | Inhalation of dust (silica, asbestos) |
| 55 | Hypoxia | Low oxygen in tissues | High altitude, lung/heart disease |
| 56 | Hypertension | High blood pressure | Genetics, diet, stress, obesity |
| 57 | Coronary Artery Disease | Arterial plaque buildup | High cholesterol, smoking, sedentary lifestyle |
| 58 | Angina Pectoris | Reduced blood flow to heart muscle | Underlying CAD |
| 59 | Heart Failure | Inadequate cardiac pumping | Long-standing hypertension, CAD |
| 60 | Erythroblastosis Foetalis | Rh incompatibility (anti-Rh antibodies) | Rh– mother + Rh+ foetus (2nd+ pregnancy) |
| 61 | Uremia | Accumulation of urea in blood | Kidney failure |
| 62 | Renal Calculi (Kidney Stones) | Crystallized salts (e.g., calcium oxalate) | Dehydration, diet, metabolic issues |
| 63 | Glomerulonephritis | Immune-mediated glomerular damage | Post-strep infection, autoimmune |
| 64 | Diabetes Mellitus | Insulin deficiency/resistance | Type 1: autoimmune; Type 2: lifestyle + genetics |
| 65 | Myasthenia Gravis | Autoantibodies vs. acetylcholine receptors | Autoimmune |
| 66 | Asthma | Chronic airway inflammation | Allergens, pollution, genetic predisposition |
| 67 | Tetany | Low blood calcium (hypocalcemia) | Hypoparathyroidism, vitamin D deficiency |
| 68 | Arthritis | Joint inflammation | Osteoarthritis (wear); Rheumatoid (autoimmune) |
| 69 | Osteoporosis | Reduced bone density | Aging, menopause, calcium deficiency |
| 70 | Gout | Uric acid crystal deposition | High purine diet, renal dysfunction |
| 71 | Gigantism | Excess growth hormone (GH) in childhood | Pituitary adenoma |
| 72 | Pituitary Dwarfism | GH deficiency | Genetic/pituitary dysfunction |
| 73 | Acromegaly | Excess GH in adults | Pituitary tumor |
| 74 | Diabetes Insipidus | ADH deficiency or insensitivity | Pituitary/hypothalamus damage |
| 75 | Goitre | Thyroid enlargement | Iodine deficiency |
| 76 | Cretinism | Congenital hypothyroidism | Maternal iodine deficiency during pregnancy |
| 77 | Exophthalmic Goitre (Graves’) | Autoantibodies stimulating TSH receptor | Autoimmune hyperthyroidism |
| 78 | Addison’s Disease | Adrenal cortex hormone deficiency | Autoimmune, infection |
| 79 | Cirrhosis | Liver fibrosis/scarring | Chronic alcohol abuse, hepatitis B/C |
| 80 | Cancer | Uncontrolled cell growth (mutations) | Carcinogens, radiation, viruses, genetics |
| 81 | Allergy | Type I hypersensitivity | Pollen, food, drugs, etc. |
| 82 | Rheumatoid Arthritis | Autoimmune joint destruction | Autoimmune |
| 83 | Alzheimer’s Disease | Neurodegenerative (amyloid plaques) | Age, genetics |